Silla de ruedas de tres llantas para la optimización arquitectónica en personas con discapacidad física
Three-Wheeled Wheelchair for Improving Architectural Accessibility for People with Physical Disabilities.
Keywords:
Mecanismo planetario; Silla de ruedas eléctrica; Torque de ascenso; Lógica de relaysAbstract
The urban and domestic mobility of people with physical disabilities is severely limited by architectural barriers, such as curbs and steps lacking standard ramps. This article presents the design, structural calculation, and construction of an electromechanical wheelchair prototype equipped with a three-wheel planetary rolling system, designed to overcome vertical obstacles up to 18 cm in height. Methodologically, a mixed-method approach was applied, integrating a situational analysis through surveys and classic analytical calculations of machine elements (shafts, gears, and kinematic motor selection). Structurally, the chassis was optimized using A36 structural steel due to its high mechanical strength and economic feasibility in the local market. The planetary transmission system was configured using a spur gear train with a module of 2. The electrical power control was resolved through a logical arrangement of automotive relays, substituting expensive electronic solutions. Field results demonstrated that the prototype requires a minimum power of 0.45 HP and a torque of 105.84 Nm at the critical climbing position. The article concludes by validating the feasibility of low-cost manufacturing, identifying the need for a secondary assistant to ensure kinematic stability on high-friction stairs or irregular surfaces.
References
Corredor, F. O., Roncancio, M. R., & Pulido, J. C. M. (2022). Texto de medicina física y rehabilitación. Editorial El Manual Moderno.
Guerrero Nejer, R. A., Caiza Quishpe, L., & Pinto Ayala, S. L. (2022). Evolución de vehículos adaptados con controles manuales para discapacitados. Polo del Conocimiento: Revista científico - profesional, 7(9 (SEPTIEMBRE 2022)), 1591-1608.
Gutama, A., & Changoluisa, C. (2024). Diseño y construcción de una silla de ruedas eléctrica plegable implementando un sistema de control automático [Institucional]. Politécnica Salesiana. https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/handle/123456789/28662
Mejía Herrera, M. C., Pincay Pillasagua, F. A., & Maldonado, F. (2022). Diseño mecánico con simulación 3D de un columpio automatizado y desmontable para personas que utilizan sillas de ruedas [Thesis, ESPOL. FIMCP]. http://www.dspace.espol.edu.ec/handle/123456789/56085
Nieto, A., & Barros, G. (2022). Espacios inclusivos para personas con discapacidad motriz y sensorial. 83.
Ortiz, G., Quintana, E., Ortigoza, E., Cabañas, L., Ortiz, G., Quintana, E., Ortigoza, E., & Cabañas, L. (2023). Tendencias del mercado de sillas de ruedas para personas con discapacidad en Paraguay: Año 2022. Población y Desarrollo, 29(56), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2023.029.56.072
Perales, J. F. L., Casas, J. G., Solís, L. E. C., Ávila, J. R., Flores, J. S. O., & Bravo, E. G. (2026). Diseño y análisis mecánico mediante método de elemento finito de una impresora 3D para el vaciado de concreto de bajo revenimiento mediante tornillo sinfín. Cienciacierta, 22(86), 113-130.
Pérez, C. (2024). Diseño de una silla de ruedas con tracción bilateral para la mejora de la salud de los usuarios. https://upcommons.upc.edu/entities/publication/827a4ee3-d031-48d0-8bed-f9523dc359d1
Quintero Gamboa, H. J., & Guzque Llamuca, H. L. (2026). Sistema de control para sillas de ruedas mediante seguimiento ocular para mejorar la movilidad de personas con discapacidad motriz. [bachelorThesis, Riobamba]. http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/16429
Sánchez Flores, R. (2025). Diseño, fabricación y control de trenes de engranajes epicicloidales como recursos didácticos. https://hdl.handle.net/2117/427745
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Elva Gioconda Lara Guijarro, Ángel Freddy Caillagua Castro, Ángel Gabriel Guamán Bauz, José Andrés Beltrán Ruiz4
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
The ISTCT Technological Research journal is an Open Access publication, whose contents are disseminated under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial license (CC-BY NC 4.0 International). All articles published in the ISTCT Technological Research journal are published in Open Access and are available online for free immediately after publication.
This journal provides metadata for third-party indexing services through the open files initiative.
The ISTCT Technological Research journal recognizes and respects the moral rights of the authors, as well as the ownership of the patrimonial right, which will be transferred non-exclusively to the journal to allow its legal dissemination in Open Access.
The ISTCT Technological Research journal does not reserve the rights to publish articles. Authors may distribute their own material in any other medium or medium, as long as it is for non-commercial purposes, informing the editors that the work will be published again and giving the corresponding credit to the ISTCT Technological Research journal.
Authors can make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the distribution of the article published in this journal (e.g., include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was published for the first time in "ISTCT Technological Research Magazine". In the case of reproduction, a note similar to the following must be included:
"This text was originally published in REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA ISTCT N ° -, section -----, number of pages, year of publication."
Authors are recommended to publish their work on the Internet (for example on institutional or personal pages) in the final version published by REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA ISTCT, as it may lead to a greater and faster dissemination of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
The publications in this magazine, due to their free nature, do not entitle the authors to any financial remuneration.
