Study of technological gaps towards a sustainable insertion of electric vehicles
Keywords:
Vehículo eléctrico, Recuperación de energía, freno regenerativo;, autonomía, bateríaAbstract
La integración masiva de vehículos eléctricos (VE) tensiona las redes de distribución, diseñadas para flujo unidireccional, causando caídas de tensión, desbalances y degradación de la calidad de la energía (aumento de SAIFI y THD). Paralelamente, la ansiedad por la autonomía limita la adopción, debido a la gestión ineficiente de la energía a bordo y a la falta de sistemas de monitorización en tiempo real. El análisis se basa en una revisión sistemática de literatura técnica para identificar los desafíos interconectados. Examinando el impacto de la carga de VE en la estabilidad de red y los criterios para la ubicación óptima de estaciones, la arquitectura de cargadores (PFC + DC-DC) y estrategias de carga (CC-CV) para la eficiencia y seguridad de las baterías. las tecnologías del vehículo (telemetría de alta frecuencia, frenado regenerativo, algoritmos de estimación de SOC/SOH) para optimizar la autonomía. La solución requiere un enfoque de sistema dual. En la infraestructura, se necesita una planificación de red activa con ubicación óptima de carga y capacidades de gestión bidireccional para mitigar impactos. En el vehículo, es crucial integrar sistemas de gestión de energía en tiempo real, algoritmos de diagnóstico de batería y recuperación de energía. Solo esta coordinación técnica garantizará una transición sostenible, asegurando simultáneamente la estabilidad de la red y una autonomía confiable para el usuario.
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